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[wizzard]

]I just cannot seem to "twist" this to open it and replace it with a new one. There does not seem to be any locks or screws holding it. The cord hold is unscrewed, so it is not that holding it.

[Mr White]

There appears to be a "rivet" in your second picture.
I refer to the small white circle approximately one third up from the base of the lamp holder.
If that fails, why not use excessive force? since you will be changing it anyway.

[wizzard]

Checked the "rivet" - it is dirt. May need force.